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Tuesday, 09 April, 2024
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Georgia Secures Landmark Victory against Russia in Strasbourg Court on "Continuous Occupation Case"

In a significant ruling, the Strasbourg Court has delivered a decisive verdict in the interstate dispute titled "Georgia v. Russia (IV)" – commonly known as the "continuous occupation case". The court has held Russia fully accountable for egregious human rights violations, including harassment, detention, assaults, and killings of the Georgian populace in the occupied territories and along the occupation line and official tolerance of indicated crimes. These atrocities unfold against the backdrop of the ongoing territorial occupation of Georgia and the practice of "borderization".

Today's judgment by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) underscores Georgia's territorial integrity and bolsters its sovereignty. According to the Strasbourg Court, Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region are universally recognized as integral parts of Georgia by the international community, rendering the process of "borderization" illegal. Consequently, any restrictions imposed by the de facto authorities under Russian occupation are deemed unlawful and incompatible with the European Convention. Furthermore, the European Court has found that the conditions of "borderization" systematically violate a range of fundamental rights, including the right to life, prohibition of torture and inhumane treatment, right to liberty and security, right to privacy and family life, property rights, educational rights, and freedom of movement.

Specifically, the Strasbourg Court's assessment highlights:

- Russia’s violation of the right to life (Article 2 of the European Convention) through the killing of ethnic Georgians along the occupation line, as well as their deaths while attempting to traverse the occupied territory for essential services like pensions or medical care;

- Inhumane treatment and detention conditions of ethnic Georgians detained along the occupation line as a breach of the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment (Article 3 of the European Convention);

- Any arrest or imprisonment of ethnic Georgians for crossing the occupation line constitutes a violation of the right to freedom and security (Article 5 of the European Convention);

- The restrictions imposed by installation of barbed wire and the process of "borderization", including limitations on movement, access to homes, property, and graves, continuously violate the rights to security of personal and family life (Article 8 of the European Convention), property rights (Article 1 of the European Convention and Article 1 of the Additional Protocol), and freedom of movement (Article 2 of the 4th Additional Protocol of the European Convention);

- The prohibition of education in the Georgian language in occupied Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region infringes upon the right to education in one's native language (Article 2 of the First Additional Protocol of the European Convention).

The European Court's decision unequivocally affirms that the Georgian language is the native language in Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region.

The Ministry of Justice of Georgia extends heartfelt congratulations to the entire nation on this historic victory and expresses gratitude to the state agencies, particularly the State Security Service, the General Prosecutor's Office, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, for their diligent efforts during the evidence collection phase.

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According to the Strasbourg Court, Publicly Made Insulting, Obscene, and Degrading Statements Fall Outside the Scope of Freedom of Expression

The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg upheld the position of the Ministry of Justice in the case of Miladze v. Georgia, confirming that publicly made insulting, obscene, and degrading statements directed at public officials are not protected under the right to freedom of expression.

The case concerned a video published on the social media platform TikTok in 2022, in which the applicant, civil activist Irakli Miladze, used obscene and insulting language toward the Mayor of Tbilisi, City Hall employees, and police officers. As a result, the national courts imposed a fine of 500 GEL, the minimum penalty provided for by law.

The Strasbourg Court unanimously held that the applicant’s statements did not amount to political criticism or the expression of views on a matter of public interest. According to the Court’s assessment, the language used was intended primarily to humiliate and insult public officials.

The Court also agreed with the reasoning of the national courts, noting that they had properly distinguished between harsh political criticism, which is protected in a democratic society, and personal insults, which are not. The judgment further emphasized that the sanction imposed on the applicant was minimal and proportionate, as he received only the lowest fine available under the law.

Today’s ruling by the Strasbourg Court reaffirmed an important principle: freedom of expression is one of the fundamental values of a democratic society and protects even strong and offensive criticism; however, it does not extend to humiliating or personally insulting statements directed at others, including public officials and civil servants.

The judgment further underscores that the state is entitled to protect political officials and public servants from unjustified verbal abuse and insults, ensuring that they are able to perform their duties in an environment free from attacks that undermine their dignity.

The Court’s assessment once again highlights the fundamental importance of freedom of expression, while clearly establishing that the exercise of this right — particularly on the internet and social media platforms — must not infringe upon the dignity and rights of others.